2005年Text 3
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, "It's your dream" says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the "emotional brain")is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day" says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begins to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of "we wake u in a panic, "Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams
[A] can be modified in their courses.
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes.
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears.
[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本文所對(duì)應(yīng)的信息在文章第一段，"one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control"(這些極其強(qiáng)烈的精神事件不僅可以得到利用，而且還能受到有意識(shí)的控制)、"If you don't like it, change it"(如果你不喜歡它，那就改變它)這些句子都說明夢(mèng)是可以被改變的，而A選項(xiàng)中的modify這個(gè)詞時(shí)change的同義詞。B、C、D選項(xiàng)的表述都與第一段的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容無關(guān)，均可排除。
[題目譯文]
研究者現(xiàn)在相信夢(mèng)
[A] 可以在進(jìn)行過程中得到改變
[B] 容易受到情感變化的影響
[C] 反映了我們內(nèi)心深處的欲望和恐懼
[D] 是神經(jīng)修復(fù)的隨機(jī)結(jié)果
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind.
[B] develop into happy dreams.
[C] persist till the time we fall asleep.
[D] show up in dreams early at night.
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本文的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章第三段第二句話，"Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening"(大多數(shù)人在前半夜似乎會(huì)更容易做惡夢(mèng)，等到快睡醒前就逐漸變?yōu)檩^愉快的夢(mèng))，因此A和C選項(xiàng)的表述顯然是不對(duì)的。至于B選項(xiàng)，文中說上半夜的夢(mèng)是惡夢(mèng)，只有會(huì)變得happier，這個(gè)是相對(duì)于原來的惡夢(mèng)而言的，說明夢(mèng)境內(nèi)容開始好轉(zhuǎn)，但并不意味著就是一個(gè)好夢(mèng)。而D選項(xiàng)完全符合文中的意思。
[題目譯文]
白天產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面感情往往會(huì)
[A] 在我們的潛意識(shí)中進(jìn)一步惡化
[B] 發(fā)展成好夢(mèng)
[C] 持續(xù)到我們?nèi)胨?/P>
[D] 在上半夜出現(xiàn)
35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?
[A] lead your life as usual.
[B] Seek professional help.
[C]. Exercise conscious control.
[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
[答案] A
[解題思路]
題目要求判斷給那些偶爾做夢(mèng)的人的建議，而不是長(zhǎng)期受惡夢(mèng)困擾的人，因此其對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章的最后一句話"For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning"(而至于其他人，大腦自有它自己化解不好情緒的辦法。放心地睡覺--或者做夢(mèng)--早上醒來時(shí)你會(huì)感覺好一些)，有時(shí)做夢(mèng)的人就是，而建議就是順其自然，不用尋求醫(yī)療或者有意識(shí)地控制、也不及焦慮，白天繼續(xù)工作就可以了，因此正確答案為A。
[題目譯文]
Cartwright 會(huì)給那些有時(shí)候做惡夢(mèng)的人們?cè)鯓拥慕ㄗh?
[A] 照常工作
[B] 尋求專業(yè)幫助
[C] 進(jìn)行有意識(shí)的控制
[D] 避免白天時(shí)候的焦慮
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