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2021年4月自考英語(一)應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料:第五章

來源:考試吧 2020-12-29 16:24:28 要考試,上考試吧! 自考萬題庫
2021年4月自考英語(一)應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料,更多2021自考經(jīng)驗、自考備考資料、自考?xì)v年真題及答案等信息,請及時關(guān)注考試吧自考網(wǎng)或微信搜索公眾號“萬題庫自考”獲取!

  6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust.

  It is thought that…是一個很常用的句型,類似的句型在英語中很多,比如:

  1) It is / was, has been…, reported that…

  2) It is / was, has been…, stated that…

  3) It is / was, has been…, pointed out that…

  4) It is / was, has been…, mentioned that…

  5) It is / was, has been…, believed that…

  7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed.

  B. The first known area was in India, where diamonds were found thousands of years ago.

  定語從句可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。A句是限定性定語從句,B句是非限定性定語從句。A、B兩句中都是用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾表示地點的名詞。請看下面的句子,注意限定性定語從句一般不用逗號隔開:

  1) Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit? (附近有什么商店可以買到水果嗎?)

  2) This is the place where we met yesterday. (這是我們昨天碰頭的地方。)

  3) The small town, where he once worked, has turned to be a modern city. (他曾經(jīng)工作過的那座小城,已經(jīng)變成現(xiàn)代化的城市了。)

  8. In the 1600's…(十七世紀(jì))

  In the 1720's…(十八世紀(jì)二十年代)

  In the 1800's…(十九世紀(jì))

  請注意年代的表達(dá)方法,以上的年代也可以表達(dá)為in the 1600s; in the 1720s; in the 1800s.如果我們要表達(dá)“在十七世紀(jì)初(中、末)期”,則可以說in the early(mid, late) 1600's/1600s.

  9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe.

  become / be popular with / among是一個常用詞組,意思是“受…歡迎”,

  10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2,500 yeas of mining the stones.

  Supply在句子中做名詞用,意思是“供應(yīng)”。Supply常�?梢宰鰟釉~用,意思是“供給,提供”。

  run out是一個常用詞組,意思是“用完,用盡”。請看例句:

  1) Time is running out. We have to hurry. (時間快到了,我們得快點。)

  2) My patience is running out. (我快要耐不住了。)

  3) His luck seemed to have run out. (他的好運似乎結(jié)束了。)

  我們也可以用run out來表達(dá)類似的意思,但run out of的主語應(yīng)該是“某人”。如:

  1) They have run out of money, so they have to find a job. (他們錢用完了,所以得找一份工作。)

  2) I have run out of ink. (我的墨水用完了。)

  11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds.

  -ful通常加在名詞后面,構(gòu)成形容詞,如care-careful,help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一個名詞,意思是“一把”,在單詞部分,我們已經(jīng)提到過,英語中有不少這樣的詞,如:

  1) He gave me a basketful of beaches. (他給了我滿滿一籃子桃子。)

  2) She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. (她往湯里撒了滿滿一勺鹽。)

  3) Tom is carrying an armful of books. (湯姆抱著一捆書。)

  sort out是一個常用詞組,意思是“整理,分類”

  bottom在句子中做名詞用,意思是“底部”。bottom還有“盡頭、末端”的意思

  12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20,000 years ago.

  where they were formed是where引出的名詞性從句,作介詞from的賓語。請看下面的句子:

  He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. (他對事故在哪兒發(fā)生的只字未提。)

  13. It flows over boards thickly coated with grease.

  在本句中的定語從句thickly coated with greases前面省略了which/that are.coat一般做名詞用,意思是“外套”或“(動物的)皮毛”。在本句中coat作動詞用,意思是“在…上涂(包)著”,

  14. Since diamonds stick to grease, they are left behind by the rocks and mud which flow down the tables.

  Stick在本句中的意思是“粘住”。Stick to也可以表示“堅持,遵守”的意思。

  leave behind在本句中的意思是“留下”,這個詞組還可以表示“忘帶;把…丟在后面”。例如:

  1) Take care not to leave anything behind. (小心別丟下任何東西。)

  2) Look forward to the bright future and leave all your worries and fears behind. (期盼光明的未來,把所有的擔(dān)心和恐懼拋在身后。)

  15. Experienced diamond miners can tell a diamond immediately.

  句子中的tell意思為“判斷;分辨;看出”。如:

  I cannot tell her from her twin sister. (我無法分辨出她和她的孿生妹妹。)

  Text B The Difference between Plants and Animals

  短語表達(dá)

  1. difference between…and

  Will you please tell me the difference between a horse and a seahorse?

  2.neither …nor

  I have neither seen him nor heard from him since we last met.

  3. look up

  The little boy didn't dare to look up at his teacher.

  4. a matter of

  Don't panic. This is a matter of record and there is nothing to worry about.

  5. throughout

  He said that a person should be honest and upright throughout his life.

  6. be satisfied with

  The teacher was satisfied with the students' performance.

  7. take place

  The accident took place when people were all fast asleep.

  8. lie in

  The importance of this book lies in its later influence.

  9. be classed as

  He was classed as a genius.

  10. hold good

  This rule may hold good for you but not for me.

  11. live on

  Cows live on grass.

  The old man lives on the government pension.

  12. work wonders

  I don't think this medicine will work wonders.

  13. take in

  Their club took in some new members last week.

  14. suck up

  The plants suck up a lot of water.

  15. take up

  He took up the newspaper and began to read.

  She took up English when she was only five.

  All the window seats had been taken up when I got on the bus.

  本課需要重點掌握的語法:動詞的時態(tài)

  英語中時態(tài)從時間上劃分,可以分為:現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時和過去將來時,每一類從行為上又可分為四種形式:一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式。這樣,英語中的動詞共有十六種時態(tài)。下面以work為例列出各個時態(tài)的形式:

  一、表示一般動作的動詞時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時

  1.一般現(xiàn)在時:一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀的、普遍性的真理以及經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的事件。其形式為do或does。

  如:The earth moves around the world.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(客觀性的真理)

  Light travels faster than sound.光速比聲速快。(科學(xué)事實)

  I often go to the gym..我經(jīng)常去健身房。(經(jīng)常性的事件)

  I go to see my grandma every week.我每周都去看我奶奶。(經(jīng)常性的動作)

  當(dāng)一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的動作的時候,常和一些表示頻率的時間副詞連用,如:always, frequently, usually, sometimes, often等.

  如:He is always late.他總是遲到。

  注:a)一般現(xiàn)在時還可以用來表示正在發(fā)生的動作。用在以here或there 開頭的句中,表示目前短暫的動作。

  如:Here comes your wife.=Your wife is coming.你妻子走過來了。

  There goes the bus.= The bus is going.那輛車開走了。

  b)一般現(xiàn)在時用在條件狀語從句中和時間狀語從句中,表示將來的動作。 主要用在條件狀語從句中(if, unless)和時間狀語從句(when, as soon as, before, after等)中,表示將來的動作。

  如:I will be glad if you come over to visit me.如果你來看我,我會很高興的。

  Please let me know when he comes back.他回來時,請告訴我一聲。

  Do not leave until he comes back..等他回來你再走。

  上述從句中的come動作都是在將來發(fā)生的,但是要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。

  2.一般過去時:did something

  1)一般過去時表示在過去時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和過去特定的時間狀語,如:yesterday, last night, three moths ago等連用。

  如: I bought the computer three days ago.我三天前賣了這臺電腦。

  I was tired last night, so I went to bed early.我昨晚很累,所以很早就睡了。

  2)一般過去時表示過去某一段時間一直持續(xù)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。

  如:When he was in Beijing, he came to see me every week.他當(dāng)初在北京時,每周都來看我。

  We often practiced swimming last year.去年我們經(jīng)常練習(xí)游泳。

  注:a)一般過去式可以用來表示現(xiàn)在的情況,體現(xiàn)委婉客氣的語氣。

  如:Did you want anything to drink?你想喝點什么嗎?

  Could I have a look? 我能看一下嗎?

  b)一般過去時用于虛擬語氣中,表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼骰驙顟B(tài)。

  如: It is high time we went.是我們該走的時候了。

  I wish I were a bird.我要是只鳥多好。

  3.一般將來時表示在未來的某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。其形式will do或be going to do。

  如:We will have a picnic tomorrow.

  We are going to have a picnic tomorrow. 我們明天要去郊游。

  1)will 和be going to 的區(qū)別

  a)一般將來時表示預(yù)測時,我們可以用will或be going to。但是有以下的區(qū)別:

  be going to 表示根據(jù)明顯跡象來推斷某件事將要發(fā)生。will表明說話人認(rèn)為或相信某件事要發(fā)生。

  如:Look at those black clouds! It is going to rain.看天上那些烏云�?煲掠炅�。(根據(jù)烏云,推斷的下雨)。

  The bridge will collapse.這座橋會坍塌的。(說話人作為造橋?qū)<抑肋@座橋設(shè)計有問題,做出的預(yù)測)

  b) 一般將來時表示計劃時,用be going to;表示意愿,要用will

  be going to 表示說話人對未來行動的計劃和打算,通常指經(jīng)過事先考慮并含有已經(jīng)為這一行動作了某些準(zhǔn)備。

  will表示意愿,表示說話人在說話的時刻立即做出的決定表明即將去做某事,并沒有事先考慮。

  如:I have bought a computer and I am going to learn the computer science.我已經(jīng)買了一臺電腦,我計劃學(xué)習(xí)計算機科學(xué)。(已經(jīng)作了準(zhǔn)備――買了電腦)

  A:The box is too heavy.

  B:I will help you to carry it.這個箱子很重,我來幫你拿。(立即做出的決定,沒有事先考慮)

  如果沒有明顯的計劃或意愿的證據(jù),則用will和be going to都可以,但是意義上有所不同。

  如:Husband: There is no milk left in the fridge.

  Wife: I will buy some after work.(說話此刻做出的決定)

  Wife: I am going to buy some after work. (妻子在丈夫發(fā)現(xiàn)之前就知道沒有牛奶了,已經(jīng)決定要去買一些)

  2)表示一般將來時的其他結(jié)構(gòu):

  a)be to +動詞原形。這個結(jié)構(gòu)表示約定、命令或按計劃要做的事情。

  如:When are they to come? 他們什么時候回來。

  We are to meet at the school gate.我們約好在校門口見。

  You are to finish the work by noon.你必須在中午以前完成工作。

  b)be about to+動詞原形。這個結(jié)構(gòu)表示“即將做”或“馬上做”的意思。

  如:He is about to leave.他馬上要動身。

  The vacation is about to start.假期即將開始。

  二、表示進(jìn)行動作的動詞時態(tài):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時

  1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:表示正在進(jìn)行的動作或者現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)的動作。其形式為am/is/are doing.常與進(jìn)行時連用的時間狀語有:now, at this moment, at present等。

  如:What are you reading now? 你在看什么?

  I am reading today's Evening News. 我在看今天的晚報。(表示正在進(jìn)行)

  These days I am translating a book. 這幾天我在翻譯一本書。(表示持續(xù)性的動作)

  注:a)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示計劃安排好要做的事情。這一用法只適用于某些動詞,如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return 等。

  如:Are you going abroad next year? 明年你要出國嗎?

  I am leaving by train tonight.我今晚坐火車走。

  b)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always, forever, constantly等連用,往往表示抱怨、厭煩、不合理或使人不愉快的事情。

  如:Jack is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.杰克常常借錢忘還。

  My father is forever criticizing me.我父親總是批評我。

  c) 在不少情況下,表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的漢語句子中沒有“正在”的字樣,但在譯為英語的時候必須用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。如:

  How is everything going.事情進(jìn)展的怎么樣了?

  How are you getting on with your classmates.你和同學(xué)相處的如何?

  d) 不能用進(jìn)行時的動詞有:

  表示感覺或感情的詞:hear, see, smell, taste, feel

  表示存在或所屬的詞:exist, stay, remain, have

  表示認(rèn)識或理解的詞:understand, remember, forget, believe

  2.過去進(jìn)行時:過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作或者過去某段時間持續(xù)的動作。其形式:was(were) doing.過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語往往是表示過去某一點時間的短語或句子。

  at nine yesterday, at that time, when I arrived等。

  如:We were having dinner when they came.他們來的時候,我們正在吃飯。(表示過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作)

  I was staying at home all last week.上周我一直都呆在家里。(過去某段時間持續(xù)的動作)

  注:a)過去進(jìn)行時表示一種委婉的語氣和禮貌的態(tài)度。

  如:I was wondering if you could help me.不知您能否幫幫我。

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