分詞
1. 構(gòu)成與形式
分詞有兩種形式,即現(xiàn)在分詞(present participle)和過去分詞(past participle)。除不規(guī)則動詞外,現(xiàn)在分詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成;過去分詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。兩者的區(qū)別主要是:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,或正在進(jìn)行的動作;過去分詞表示被動意義,或已經(jīng)完成了的動作。如:
burning forest 燃燒著的森林(主動,即森林自己在燃燒)
burned skin 燒傷了的皮膚(被動,即皮膚被火燒傷)
developing countries 發(fā)展中國家(正在進(jìn)行,這個國家正在發(fā)展)
developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家(完成,這些國家已經(jīng)得到了發(fā)展)
現(xiàn)在分詞的形式有:
主動形式 |
被動形式 | |
一般式 |
doing |
being done |
完成式 |
having done |
having been done |
過去分詞因?yàn)楸旧砭捅硎颈粍优c完成的意義,所以只有一種形式done。
2. 用法
分詞主要起形容詞和副詞的作用,在句中可作定語、表語、狀語、主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。
1)作定語
Tell the boy playing there not to make so much noise.
We can only see the part of the moon lighted by the sunlight.
2)作表語
The story of his life sounds interesting.
He appeared satisfied with our performance.
3) 作狀語
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
Given better attention, the trees could grow better.
4) 作主語補(bǔ)足語
The machine will be kept running for two days.
Our views have to be made known to them all.
5) 作賓語補(bǔ)足語
I heard someone knocking at the door.
You should keep her informed of what is going on here.
比較:see, feel, hear, watch, notice等動詞后既可接不帶to的不定式也可以接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,但二者在意義上是不同的,F(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行,即非全過程;不定式表示動作的完成,即全過程。如:
She saw the man getting on the truck.(正在往車上爬)
She saw the man get on the truck and drive off.(已經(jīng)爬上了車)
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)
1)完成式
Having done his homework, the boy began to watch TV.
Not having met him, I can’t tell you what he is like.
2) 被動式
The house being built is a big project.
3) 完成被動式
Having been given such a good chance, how could she give it up?
Having been told that some guests were coming, she shopped all morning in that supermarket.
編輯推薦:
2013 年6月大學(xué)英語四級(CET-4)高頻詞匯匯總
北京 | 天津 | 上海 | 江蘇 | 山東 |
安徽 | 浙江 | 江西 | 福建 | 深圳 |
廣東 | 河北 | 湖南 | 廣西 | 河南 |
海南 | 湖北 | 四川 | 重慶 | 云南 |
貴州 | 西藏 | 新疆 | 陜西 | 山西 |
寧夏 | 甘肅 | 青海 | 遼寧 | 吉林 |
黑龍江 | 內(nèi)蒙古 |